![]() ![]() Other studies with phenol showed that susceptibility to predation did not increase until phenol concentrations reached the acute LC/sub 50/. gairdneri) did not avoid coal liquid WSFs although they did avoid the major constituent, phenol, tested as a pure compound. Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) avoided the water soluble fraction (WSF) of a coal liquid at concentrations causing acute effects, but not at those causing chronic effects. Laboratory studies showed that carp (Cyprinus carpio), and black bullhead (Ictalurus melas) did not always avoid lethal gas levels and some fish died in the test apparatus. tshawytscha swam deeper in supersaturated water than normally saturated water in the Snake River and thereby avoided the upper, critical zone. Radio-tracking studies showed that adult O. However, juvenile salmon were more susceptible to predation at 10 to 20% of the thermal dose more » causing loss of equilibrium. delta.ts exceed 9 to 11/sup 0/C above ambient. tshawytscha avoided thermal discharges when. Laboratory studies showed that juvenile O. ![]() Sonic-tracking studies in the Columbia River indicated that thermal discharges did not block upstream migration of adult salmonids (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Salmo gairdneri). Approaches have included biotelemetry in the field, and avoidance/attraction and predator prey studies in the laboratory. Studies at the Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories have evaluated fish response to thermal discharge, gas supersaturated water, water soluble fractions of coal liquids and other environmental stresses. 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS EGGS CONTAMINATION MORTALITY EMBRYOS FISHES LARVAE PLUTONIUM 238 RADIOECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION TOXICITY PLUTONIUM 244 URANIUM 232 URANIUM 235 URANIUM 238 AUTORADIOGRAPHY HATCHING RADIATION DOSES ACTINIDE ISOTOPES ACTINIDE NUCLEI ALPHA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES ANIMALS AQUATIC ORGANISMS DOSES ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI EVEN-ODD NUCLEI HEAVY NUCLEI ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES ISOTOPES MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES NUCLEI PLUTONIUM ISOTOPES RADIOISOTOPES URANIUM ISOTOPES VERTEBRATES YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES 560172* - Radiation Effects- Nuclide Kinetics & Toxicology- Animals- (-1987) 520300 - Environment, Aquatic- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (1989) 053000 - Nuclear Fuels- Environmental = , (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States) OSTI Identifier: 7344946 Report Number(s): ORNL-5160 TRN: 76-018862 DOE Contract Number: W-7405-ENG-26 Resource Type: Technical Report Resource Relation: Other Information: Thesis Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. « lessĪuthors: Till, J E Kaye, S V Trabalka, J R Publication Date: Research Org.: Oak Ridge National Lab. Based on these data, concentrations in fish eggs were calculated for representative concentrations of uranium and plutonium in natural waters and the corresponding dose levels are below those levels at which observable effects begin to occur. Concentrations of 60 ppM of /sup 235/U and /sup 238/U did not affect egg hatching. This mortality may have been the result of chemical toxicity of plutonium. Eggs that were incubated in 20 ppM /sup 244/Pu did not hatch. A greater number of abnormal larvae than in control groups was produced by /sup 238/Pu doses of 4.3 x 10/sup 3/ rads more » to carp and 5.7 x 10/sup 2/ rads to fathead minnows 3.2 x 10/sup 3/ rads and 2.7 x 10/sup 2/ rads were estimated from /sup 232/U. promelas, respectively doses from /sup 232/U were 1.3 x 10/sup 4/ rads for C. Doses from /sup 238/Pu which affected hatchability of the eggs were estimated to be 1.6 x 10/sup 4/ rads and 9.7 x 10/sup 3/ rads for C. Uranium localized in the yolk material, and the concentration factor in the yolk sac remained constant during development at approximately 3.3. egg sections showed that plutonium was uniformly distributed in the egg volume. Quantitative tests to determine the penetration of these elements through the chorion indicated that plutonium accumulated in the contents of carp eggs reaching a maximum concentration factor of approximately 3.0 at hatching. Freshly fertilized eggs were developed in solutions containing high specific activity /sup 238/Pu or /sup 232/U or low specific activity /sup 244/Pu, /sup 235/U, or /sup 238/U. The radiological and chemical toxicity of plutonium and uranium to the developing embryos of fish was investigated using eggs from carp, Cyprinus carpio, and fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas. ![]()
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